Journal
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
Volume 182, Issue -, Pages 1-6Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.05.005
Keywords
Circadian rhythm; Clock gene; Suprachiasmatic nucleus; Sleep; Neuronal network
Categories
Funding
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Kowa Life Science Foundation
- Takeda Science Foundation
- SECOM Science and Technology Foundation, Research Foundation for Opto-Science and Technology
- Nakatani Foundation for Advancement of Measuring Technologies in Biomedical Engineering, CASIO SCIENCE PROMOTION FOUNDATION
- Pro- gram, SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.
- JSPS KAKENHI [21K19255, 21H02526, 21H00307, 21H00422, 20KK0177, 18H02477]
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Circadian rhythms are 24-hour oscillations in physiology and behavior, regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as the central circadian clock. Studies have shown that circadian oscillations can still occur in mice lacking certain clock genes, suggesting the presence of alternative oscillatory mechanisms. The neuronal circuits responsible for regulating sleep and wakefulness from the SCN have not been fully identified.
Circadian rhythms are defined as approximately 24-hour oscillations in physiology and behavior. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is known as the central circadian clock. Based on current understanding, circadian rhythms are believed to be generated by transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFL) involving several clock genes and their protein products. However, several studies have shown that circadian oscillation in single SCN cells is still detectable in several clock gene deficient mice. These results suggest that there might be some oscillatory mechanisms without TTFL in mammalian cells. Other important aspects of circadian rhythms include neuronal circuits in the brain that regulate timing of physiological func-tions. Especially, functional output pathways from the SCN that regulate sleep and wakefulness have not been identified. In this review, I describe recent findings on circadian rhythm in the SCN, and of neuronal mechanisms that control circadian clock regulated sleep and wakefulness in mice.
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