Prostaglandin A2 Interacts with Nurr1 and Ameliorates Behavioral Deficits in Parkinson's Disease Fly Model

The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 is critical for the development, maintenance, and protection of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Recently, we demonstrated that prostaglandins E1 (PGE1) and PGA1 directly bind to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of Nurr1 and stimulate its transcriptional activation function. In this direction, here we report the transcriptional activation of Nurr1 by PGA2, a dehydrated metabolite of PGE2, through physical binding ably supported by NMR titration and crystal structure. The co-crystal structure of Nurr1-LBD bound to PGA2 revealed the covalent coupling of PGA2 with Nurr1-LBD through Cys566. PGA2 binding also induces a 21 degrees shift of the activation function 2 (AF-2) helix H12 away from the protein core, similar to that observed in the Nurr1-LBD-PGA1 complex. We also show that PGA2 can rescue the locomotor deficits and neuronal degeneration in LRRK2 G2019S transgenic fly models.

Automated summary

The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 plays a critical role in the development, maintenance, and protection of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. This study demonstrates that PGA2, a metabolite of PGE2, can directly bind to Nurr1 and activate its transcriptional function. Furthermore, PGA2 treatment can alleviate locomotor deficits and neuronal degeneration in a fly model of LRRK2 G2019S mutation.