Journal
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
Volume 71, Issue 8, Pages 2118-2124Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw144
Keywords
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Funding
- Internal Grant Agency of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno [13/2014/FVHE]
- Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic [NT14398]
- Czech Science Foundation [15-14683Y/P502]
- CEITEC 2020-Central European Institute of Technology from the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports within the National Programme for Sustainability II [LQ1601]
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To describe the prevalence and diversity of IncX plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae and to identify the most disseminated lineages of the plasmid family. IncX plasmids were screened in 1894 Enterobacteriaceae isolates resistant to cefotaxime (2 mg/L) or with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (0.05 mg/L) obtained from various sources in five continents using PCR. IncX plasmid-harbouring isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF or biochemical tests, and screened for antibiotic resistance genes using PCR and sequencing; their clonality was determined by PFGE. Horizontal transfer of plasmids was tested using transformation and conjugation. IncX plasmids were characterized by S1-nuclease and PFGE, RFLP and hybridization. A total of 164 Escherichia coli isolates (8.7%, naEuroS=aEuroS1894) carried at least one IncX subgroup. Seven isolates harboured two distinct subgroups. IncX1 subgroup was found in 93 isolates, followed by IncX2 (35 isolates), IncX4 (28) and IncX3 (15). IncX4 plasmids were not transferred horizontally as single plasmids and therefore excluded from further analysis. The most disseminated lineages of IncX plasmids included IncX1 harbouring qnrS1 and bla(TEM-1,-135) found in 36 E. coli from different sources in Europe and Australia and IncX2 carrying qnrS1 and tet(A) detected in nine E. coli from wildlife in Europe. IncX3 plasmids harboured predominantly bla(SHV-12) and qnrS1 or qnrB7. IncX plasmids were widely distributed in E. coli from wildlife in Europe and were predominantly associated with fluoroquinolone resistance genes. Plasmids showing indistinguishable restriction profiles were identified in E. coli from different sources and countries suggesting wide dissemination of certain plasmid lineages.
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