Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 20, Issue 11, Pages 641-656Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00739-4
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Funding
- US National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship
- Berkeley Graduate Fellowship
- European Regional Development Fund [01.2.2-CPVA-V-716-01-0001]
- Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT) [S-MIP-22-10]
- US National Science Foundation [1817593]
- Somatic Cell Genome Editing Program of the Common Fund of the US National Institutes of Health [U01AI142817-02]
- Central Project Management Agency (CPVA), Lithuania
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CRISPR-Cas systems provide resistance against foreign mobile genetic elements and have a wide range of genome editing and biotechnological applications. This Review examines recent advances in understanding the molecular structures and mechanisms of enzymes comprising bacterial RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas immune systems and deployed for wide-ranging genome editing applications.
CRISPR-Cas systems provide resistance against foreign mobile genetic elements and have a wide range of genome editing and biotechnological applications. In this Review, we examine recent advances in understanding the molecular structures and mechanisms of enzymes comprising bacterial RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas immune systems and deployed for wide-ranging genome editing applications. We explore the adaptive and interference aspects of CRISPR-Cas function as well as open questions about the molecular mechanisms responsible for genome targeting. These structural insights reflect close evolutionary links between CRISPR-Cas systems and mobile genetic elements, including the origins and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems from DNA transposons, retrotransposons and toxin-antitoxin modules. We discuss how the evolution and structural diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems explain their functional complexity and utility as genome editing tools. CRISPR-Cas systems provide resistance against foreign mobile genetic elements and have a wide range of genome editing and biotechnological applications. In this Review, Wang, Pausch and Doudna examine recent advances in understanding the molecular structures and mechanisms of enzymes comprising bacterial RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas immune systems and deployed for wide-ranging genome editing applications.
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