4.6 Article

Enhancing the incorporation of Sn in vapor-liquid-solid GeSn nanowires by modulation of the droplet composition

Journal

NANOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 24, Pages -

Publisher

IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5c12

Keywords

Sn incorporation; GeSn nanowires; vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism; thermodynamic model

Funding

  1. French RENATECH network through the PTA technological platforms in Grenoble
  2. Russian Science Foundation [19-7230004]
  3. 'Recherche Technologique de Base' program

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The influence of liquid droplet composition on Sn incorporation in GeSn nanowires (NWs) grown by the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism was investigated. The addition of different elements to the Au catalyst significantly improved the Sn incorporation. The best growth temperature for achieving long untapered NWs was found to be 400 degrees C.
We report on the influence of the liquid droplet composition on the Sn incorporation in GeSn nanowires (NWs) grown by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism with different catalysts. The variation of the NW growth rate and morphology with the growth temperature is investigated and 400 degrees C is identified as the best temperature to grow the longest untapered NWs with a growth rate of 520 nm min(-1). When GeSn NWs are grown with pure Au droplets, we observe a core-shell like structure with a low Sn concentration of less than 2% in the NW core regardless of the growth temperature. We then investigate the impact of adding different fractions of Ag, Al, Ga and Si to Au catalyst on the incorporation of Sn. A significant improvement of Sn incorporation up to 9% is obtained using 75:25 Au-Al catalyst, with a high degree of spatial homogeneity across the NW volume. Thermodynamic model based on the energy minimization at the solid-liquid interface is developed, showing a good correlation with the data. These results can be useful for obtaining technologically important GeSn material with a high Sn content and, more generally, for tuning the composition of VLS NWs in other material systems.

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