Surgical Tumor-Derived Photothermal Nanovaccine for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Prevention

Recent breakthroughs in cell membrane-fabricated nanovaccine offer innovateive therapeutic options for preventing tumor metastasies and recurrence, yet the treatment of patient-specific solid tumor remained challenging owing to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, we developed a personalized photothermal nanovaccine based on the surgical loaded mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles for targeting tumor photothermal immunotherapy and prevention. The demonstrates outstanding imaging-guided photothermal immunotherapy efficacy to eradicate solid tumors under near-IR laser irradiation and further inhibiting metastasis tumors by the resulted antitumor immunities, especially in combination with programmed death-ligand 1 antibody therapy (aPD-L1). Furthermore, from in vivo prophylactic testing results, it is confirmed that the 4T1 cells rechallenge can be prevented 100% in postsurgical tumor model after vaccination of the photothermal nanovaccine. Our work fabricates a personalized photothermal nanovaccine that possesses great potential for tumor-specific treatment and for preventing postoperative tumor recurrence.

Automated summary

Recent breakthroughs in cell membrane-fabricated nanovaccine have provided innovative therapeutic options for preventing tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment makes personalized treatment of solid tumors challenging. In this study, a personalized photothermal nanovaccine was developed based on surgical-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles, which showed outstanding imaging-guided photothermal immunotherapy efficacy and inhibited metastasis tumors by inducing antitumor immunities, especially in combination with aPD-L1 therapy. Prophylactic testing results confirmed that the photothermal nanovaccine can prevent rechallenge of 4T1 cells by 100% in a postsurgical tumor model. This work demonstrates the potential of personalized photothermal nanovaccine for tumor-specific treatment and prevention of postoperative tumor recurrence.