Journal
MYCORRHIZA
Volume 32, Issue 2, Pages 177-191Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01074-5
Keywords
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); Gigaspora margarita; Root signaling; Cultivation gradient; Cichorium intybus; Transformed root cultures
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Funding
- Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [PAPIIT-UNAM IT-200719]
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In asymbiotic or monoxenic conditions, a specific combination of flavanols and strigolactones can mimic root signaling and stimulate the growth and development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs, and the difficulty of growing them in asymbiotic or monoxenic (AMF + root) conditions limits research and their large-scale production as biofertilizer. We hypothesized that a combination of flavanols and strigolactones can mimic complex root signaling during the presymbiotic stages of AMF. We evaluated the germination, mycelial growth, branching, and auxiliary cell clusters formation by Gigaspora margarita during the presymbiotic stage in the presence (or absence) of transformed Cichorium intybus roots in basal culture medium enriched with glucose, a flavonol (quercetin or biochanin A) and a strigolactone analogue (1-Methyl-2-oxindole or indole propionic acid). With quercetin (5 mu M), methyl oxindole (2.5 nM), and glucose (8.2 g/L) in the absence of roots, the presymbiotic mycelium of G. margarita grew without cytoplasmic retraction and produced auxiliary cells over 71 days similar to presymbiotic mycelium in the presence of roots but without glucose, strigolactones, and flavonols. Our results indicate that glucose and a specific combination of certain concentrations of a flavonol and a strigolactone might be used in asymbiotic or monoxenic liquid or semisolid cultures to stimulate AMF inoculant bioprocesses.
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