4.2 Article

Aphelidium parallelum, s p. nov., a new aphelid parasitic on selenastracean green algae

Journal

MYCOLOGIA
Volume 114, Issue 3, Pages 544-555

Publisher

TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2039487

Keywords

Aphelida; Aphelidiomycota; molecular phylogeny; parasitoid; ultrastructure; 1 new taxon

Categories

Funding

  1. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellowships for Young Scientists [202101228]
  2. JSPS KAKENHI [19H03309, 19H05667]
  3. Next-Generation Energies for Tohoku Recovery (NET) Project from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
  4. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19H03309, 19H05667] Funding Source: KAKEN

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Aphelids are intracellular parasitoids of algae and represent an early-diverging lineage of the kingdom Fungi. A novel aphelid strain, KS114, parasitizing selenastracean green algae, was investigated and described as a new species, Aphelidium parallelum, based on its unique ultrastructure features and molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Aphelids (phylum Aphelida = Aphelidiomycota) are intracellular parasitoids of algae and represent one of the early-diverging or sister lineages of the kingdom Fungi. Although aphelids are a small group comprising four genera and 17 species, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that numerous environmental DNA sequences represent undescribed lineages, indicating their hidden diversity. Here, we investigated a novel aphelid strain, KS114, that parasitizes selenastracean green algae. KS114 exhibited a life cycle typical of aphelids and produced posteriorly uniflagellate zoospores that resembled those of Aphelidium chlorococcorum f. majus in possessing a single apical filopodium but could be distinguished by ultrastructure features. In KS114, the kinetosome and nonflagellated centriole were aligned in parallel, a unique characteristic among the known aphelids. Kinetid-associated structures, such as fibrillar root and microtubules, were not found in the zoospores of KS114. In the molecular phylogeny of nuc 185 rDNA sequences, KS114 clustered with two environmental sequences and was distinct from all other sequenced species. Based on these results, we describe this aphelid as a new species, Aphelidium parallelum.

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