Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 27, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051481
Keywords
pulmonary fibrosis; natural products; therapeutic targets; plant active compounds; plant extracts; herbal medicine
Funding
- Brain Pool program by Ministry of Science and ICT [2021H1D3A2A01099303]
- Ministry of Education through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [2021R1I1A3054773]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2021R1I1A3054773] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease that is difficult to treat, but natural products have shown potential in inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell signaling for its treatment.
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease-refractive lung condition with an increased rate of mortality. The potential factors causing PF include viral infections, radiation exposure, and toxic airborne chemicals. Idiopathic PF (IPF) is related to pneumonia affecting the elderly and is characterized by recurring scar formation in the lungs. An impaired wound healing process, defined by the dysregulated aggregation of extracellular matrix components, triggers fibrotic scar formation in the lungs. The potential pathogenesis includes oxidative stress, altered cell signaling, inflammation, etc. Nintedanib and pirfenidone have been approved with a conditional endorsement for the management of IPF. In addition, natural product-based treatment strategies have shown promising results in treating PF. In this study, we reviewed the recently published literature and discussed the potential uses of natural products, classified into three types-isolated active compounds, crude extracts of plants, and traditional medicine, consisting of mixtures of different plant products-in treating PF. These natural products are promising in the treatment of PF via inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial mesenchymal transition, as well as affecting TGF-beta-mediated cell signaling, etc. Based on the current review, we have revealed the signaling mechanisms of PF pathogenesis and the potential opportunities offered by natural product-based medicine in treating PF.
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