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Phytochemical Profile of Antibacterial Agents from Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) against Bacteria in Dental Caries

Journal

MOLECULES
Volume 27, Issue 9, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092861

Keywords

red betel leaf; Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav; antibacterial; Streptococcus mutans; phytochemical profiling

Funding

  1. Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education [PDUPT-DIKTI 2022]

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Based on data from The Global Burden of Disease Study in 2016, dental and oral health problems, especially dental caries, affect almost half of the world's population. One of the main causes of dental caries is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus mutans. Prevention can be achieved by controlling S. mutans using an antibacterial agent. However, long-term use of chlorhexidine, the most commonly used antibacterial for dental caries, may lead to resistance and side effects. Therefore, the discovery of a natural antibacterial agent is urgently needed. Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent for dental and oral health problems, as it contains active compounds that are effective against S. mutans.
Based on data from The Global Burden of Disease Study in 2016, dental and oral health problems, especially dental caries, are a disease experienced by almost half of the world's population (3.58 billion people). One of the main causes of dental caries is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus mutans. Prevention can be achieved by controlling S. mutans using an antibacterial agent. The most commonly used antibacterial for the treatment of dental caries is chlorhexidine. However, long-term use of chlorhexidine has been reported to cause resistance and some side effects. Therefore, the discovery of a natural antibacterial agent is an urgent need. A natural antibacterial agent that can be used are herbal medicines derived from medicinal plants. Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent for treating dental and oral health problems. Several studies reported that the leaves of P. crocatum Ruiz and Pav contain secondary metabolites such as essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds that are active against S. mutans. This review summarizes some information about P. crocatum Ruiz and Pav, various isolation methods, bioactivity, S. mutans bacteria that cause dental caries, biofilm formation mechanism, antibacterial properties, and the antibacterial mechanism of secondary metabolites in P. crocatum Ruiz and Pav.

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