Methionine restriction enhances the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of colorectal cancer stem cells by miR-320d/c-Myc axis

Chemotherapy resistance of colorectal cancer stem cells (CRC-SCs) has become a major challenge in clinical treatment of cancer. Methionine restriction (MR) enhances the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular pathways that MR affects the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of CRC-SCs. CD133(+) and CD133(-) SW480 or SW620 cells were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Mouse xenograft tumor model was established by subcutaneous inoculation of CD133(+) SW480. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. Phase distribution of cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect drug-resistant related protein expression. miR-320d and transcription factor c-Myc expressions were detected by qRT-PCR. The interaction between miR-320d and c-Myc was verified by luciferase assay. CD133(+) SW480 and SW620 cells were more resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) than CD133(-) cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that 5-FU and MR combined therapy further inhibited CD133(+) cell activity and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) expression, and reduced tumor volume compared with drug administration alone. Interference with miR-320d or overexpression of c-Myc reversed the increased chemotherapeutic sensitivity of CRC-SCs induced by synergistic therapy with 5-FU and MR. miR-320d can target and regulate c-Myc. Interference with c-Myc could reverse the increase in cell viability and ABCG2 expression caused by down-regulation of miR-320d. In conclusion, the combined chemotherapy with MR can enhance the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of CRC-SCs by up-regulation of miR-320d to inhibit c-Myc expression, which lays a molecular basis for MR regulation of chemotherapeutic sensitivity of CRC-SCs.

Automated summary

This study found that methionine restriction (MR) combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy can enhance the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of colorectal cancer stem cells (CRC-SCs). The up-regulation of miR-320d and inhibition of c-Myc expression were identified as the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. These findings provide a molecular basis for the regulation of chemotherapeutic sensitivity of CRC-SCs by MR.