Journal
MICROCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 189, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05259-9
Keywords
Carbon dots; Fluorescence; Live-cell imaging; In vitro; Targeting
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This article summarizes the important features of carbon dots (CDs) in cell imaging and discusses the latest modulated CDs for targeted live-cell imaging, including whole-cell, organelle, pH, ion, small molecule, and protein imaging, and explains the challenges in these fields.
Carbon dots (CDs) are a strong alternative to conventional fluorescent probes for cell imaging due to their brightness, photostability, tunable fluorescence emission, low toxicity, inexpensive preparation, and chemical diversity. Improving the targeting efficiency by modulation of the surface functional groups and understanding the mechanisms of targeted imaging are the most challenging issues in cell imaging by CDs. Firstly, we briefly discuss important features of fluorescent CDs for live-cell imaging application in this review. Then, the newest modulated CDs for targeted live-cell imaging of whole-cell, cell organelles, pH, ions, small molecules, and proteins are elaborately discussed, and their challenges in these fields are explained.
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