Journal
MARINE DRUGS
Volume 20, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/md20030198
Keywords
phycotoxin; mechanism of action; toxicity; therapeutic application; detection methods
Categories
Funding
- FEDER
- Conselleria de Cultura, Educacion e Ordenacion Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia, GRC [ED431C 2021/01]
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [IISCIII/PI19/001248, PID 2020-11262RB-C21]
- European Union Interreg AlertoxNet [EAPA-317-2016]
- Interreg Agritox [EAPA-998-2018, H2020 778069-EMERTOX]
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades grant [FPU18/05681]
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This article discusses the importance of marine phycotoxins and their impact on human health, ecosystems, and the economy. It emphasizes the challenges in setting regulatory limits and conducting monitoring, as well as the demand for universal phycotoxin detectors.
Marine phycotoxins are a multiplicity of bioactive compounds which are produced by microalgae and bioaccumulate in the marine food web. Phycotoxins affect the ecosystem, pose a threat to human health, and have important economic effects on aquaculture and tourism worldwide. However, human health and food safety have been the primary concerns when considering the impacts of phycotoxins. Phycotoxins toxicity information, often used to set regulatory limits for these toxins in shellfish, lacks traceability of toxicity values highlighting the need for predefined toxicological criteria. Toxicity data together with adequate detection methods for monitoring procedures are crucial to protect human health. However, despite technological advances, there are still methodological uncertainties and high demand for universal phycotoxin detectors. This review focuses on these topics, including uncertainties of climate change, providing an overview of the current information as well as future perspectives.
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