Journal
MALAWI MEDICAL JOURNAL
Volume 34, Issue 1, Pages 17-24Publisher
Kamuzu Univ Health Sciences - KUHeS
DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v34i1.4
Keywords
Gastric cancer; Helicobacter pylori; Zambia
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Funding
- Fogarty International Center of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) [D43 TW009744]
- U.S Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) [DAA3-16-62699-1]
- CRDF Global Grant [OISE9531011]
- NIH, National Cancer Institute [T32 CA057726-26]
- National Institutes of Health [P01CA028842]
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This study evaluated the associations between H. pylori antibodies and gastric cancer, premalignant lesions, and gastritis in Zambia. The results showed that certain H. pylori antibodies were positively associated with different disease conditions, while others were negatively associated.
Introduction Little is known about specific bacterial characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection influencing gastric carcinogenesis in Zambia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between pre-selected H. pylori antibodies with gastric cancer, premalignant lesions and active gastritis. Methods This was cross-sectional study with multiple comparisons of patients with gastric cancer (GC), gastric premalignant (GP) lesions and active or chronic gastritis. A fluorescent bead-based antibody multiplex serology assay was used to quantify antibodies to thirteen immunogenic H. pylori antigens. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations. Results Included were 295 patients with: 59 GC, 27 GP lesions, 48 active and 161 chronic gastritis. Overall, 257/295 (87%) were H. pylori positive. H. pylori seropositivity was not associated with sex, age, body mass index, socio-economic status, HIV infection, alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking (p-values all above 0.05). When compared to the patients with chronic gastritis, the presence of catalase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (Cad) antibodies was positively associated with GP lesions (OR 3.53; 95% CI 1.52-8.17 and OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.08-5.67 respectively). However, seropositivity to Cad antibodies was significantly lower in GC patients (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.09-0.83). Compared to chronic, active gastritis was significantly associated with (p<0.05) H. pylori sero-positivity (OR 9.46; 95% CI 1.25-71.52) and specific antibodies including cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin A, Helicobacter cysteine-rich protein C, hypothetical protein HP0305 and outer membrane protein HP1564. Conclusions Among Zambian patients seen at a single center, antibodies to H. pylori (CagA, VacA, Omp, HcpC, HP0305 and HpaA) were associated with active gastritis.
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