Journal
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
Volume 77, Issue 8, Pages 1603-1611Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac109
Keywords
Aging; Dual decliner; Rate of decline walking speed; Rate of decline cognition
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [U24 AG059624]
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- NIH [P30 AG049638-02, UO1AG22376]
- NIA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [3U01AG022376-05A2S]
- Intramural Research Program
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Centers at the University of Florida [1 P30 AG028740]
- Wake Forest University [1 P30 AG21332]
- Tufts University [1P30AG031679]
- University of Pittsburgh [P30 AG024827]
- Yale University [P30AG021342, UL1 TR000142]
- NIH/NCRR CTSA at Stanford University [UL1 RR025744]
- University of Florida [U54RR025208]
- Boston Rehabilitation Outcomes Center [1R24HD065688-01A1]
- National Institute on Aging [K07AG3587]
- U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-014]
- National Institutes of Health through cooperative agreements with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK57136, DK57149, DK56990, DK57177, DK57171, DK57151, DK57182, DK57131, DK57002, DK57078, DK57154, DK57178, DK57219, DK57008, DK57135, DK56992]
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Institute of Nursing Research
- National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities
- NIH Office of Research on Women's Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Bayview General Clinical Research Center [M01RR02719]
- Massachusetts General Hospital Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Clinical Research Center [M01RR01066]
- Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center [RR025758-04]
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center General Clinical Research Center [M01RR00051]
- Clinical Nutrition Research Unit [P30 DK48520]
- University of Tennessee at Memphis General Clinical Research Center [M01RR0021140]
- University of Pittsburgh General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) [M01RR000056]
- Clinical Translational Research Center (CTRC) - Clinical and Translational Science Award [UL1 RR 024153]
- NIH grant [DK 046204]
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs
- Frederic C. Bartter General Clinical Research Center [M01RR01346]
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health [R01 AG03308701, P30 AG21332]
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [DK092237-01, DK092237-02S2]
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Gait speed and global cognition decline with age, and rates of decline are informative of future functional status. Sex and race moderate the rate of decline, which is important for intervention studies.
Background: Substantive previous work has shown that both gait speed and global cognition decline as people age. Rates of their decline, as opposed to cross-sectional measurements, could be more informative of future functional status and other clinical outcomes because they more accurately represent deteriorating systems. Additionally, understanding the sex and racial disparity in the speed of deterioration, if any, is also important as ethnic minorities are at an increased risk of mobility disability and dementia. Method: Data from 2 large longitudinal intervention studies were integrated. Rates of decline were derived from individual-level measures of gait speed of 400-m walk and scores on the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MSE). We also assessed age-associated declines and accelerations in changes across the ages represented in the studies (age range 53-90). Results: The mean rate of decline in 400-m gait speed across individuals was 0.03 m/s per year, and multivariable analysis showed a significant acceleration in decline of -0.0013 m/s/y(2) (p < .001). Both race and sex moderated the rate of decline. For global cognition, the mean rate of decline was 0.05 of a point per year on the 3MSE scale, and acceleration in the rate of decline was significant (-0.017 point/y(2), p < .001), but neither sex nor race moderated the decline. Conclusion: Rate of decline in physical but not cognitive function appears moderated by sex and race. This finding, as well as rates and accelerations of decline estimated herein, could inform future intervention studies.
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