4.6 Article

Spacer Domain in Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase: Plugging a Hole or Performing a Role?

Journal

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
Volume 96, Issue 9, Pages -

Publisher

AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00051-22

Keywords

hepatitis B virus; HBV; spacer; evolution; diversity; polymorphism; polymerase; genotype; phylogeny

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Funding

  1. Wellcome intermediate fellowship [110110/Z/15/Z]
  2. University of Oxford
  3. Wellcome Trust
  4. GSK

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This study explores the role of the spacer sequence in HBV evolution and lineage, its associations with drug and immune evasion, and potential impacts on disease outcomes.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase is divided into terminal protein, spacer, reverse transcriptase, and RNase domains. Spacer has previously been considered dispensable, merely acting as a tether between other domains or providing plasticity to accommodate deletions and mutations. We explore evidence for the role of spacer sequence, structure, and function in HBV evolution and lineage, consider its associations with escape from drugs, vaccines, and immune responses, and review its potential impacts on disease outcomes. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase is divided into terminal protein, spacer, reverse transcriptase, and RNase domains. Spacer has previously been considered dispensable, merely acting as a tether between other domains or providing plasticity to accommodate deletions and mutations. We explore evidence for the role of spacer sequence, structure, and function in HBV evolution and lineage, consider its associations with escape from drugs, vaccines, and immune responses, and review its potential impacts on disease outcomes.

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