Comparison of immune cells and diagnostic markers between spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by bioinformatics analysis

Background Spondyloarthritis (SpA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic autoimmune diseases, but they are usually difficult to distinguish in the early stage of the diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences of immune mechanism and diagnostic markers through bioinformatics analysis. Methods First, microarray datasets from patients with SpA, RA and normal controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between groups were identified in R software. Functional and pathway enrichment of DEGs were analyzed by David database. Then, we screened the hub genes using Cytoscape plugin, and constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and heatmap of hub genes. After that, CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the differences and connections of immune cells in SpA and RA, and screened out diagnostic markers. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between immune cells and diagnostic markers. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the effectiveness of immunodiagnostic markers. Results We obtained three datasets, from which we can see that the functional enrichment of DEGs is mainly in cell chemotaxis, lymphocyte activation, primary immunodeficiency and other immune responses. The difference of immune cells between SpA, RA and normal control was concentrated in B, T lymphocytes cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. C19orf12 + S1PR3 is most associated with these immune cells and S1PR3 can be used as a diagnostic marker of this kind of immune diseases. In addition, MZB1 + XIST is closely related to T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells, and is expected to be used as a marker to distinguish the two diseases. Conclusion Although the clinical manifestations of SpA and RA are similar, the pathogenesis is different. The screening of immune cells and diagnostic markers provides a more accurate target for the treatment of this kind of diseases.

Automated summary

By using bioinformatics analysis, this study explored the differences in immune mechanisms and diagnostic markers between SpA and RA. The results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in cell chemotaxis, lymphocyte activation, primary immunodeficiency and other immune responses. The differences in immune cells between SpA, RA and normal controls were mainly concentrated in B and T lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. C19orf12 + S1PR3 was found to be most associated with these immune cells and can be used as a diagnostic marker for this type of immune diseases. Additionally, MZB1 + XIST was closely related to T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells, and may serve as a marker to distinguish between the two diseases.