Journal
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
Volume 102, Issue 12, Pages 5348-5357Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11888
Keywords
flaxseed peptides; cholesterol-lowering activity; SD rats; cholesterol metabolism; amino acid sequences
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31860423]
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project [2020GG0064]
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This study investigated the cholesterol-lowering activity of <= 1 kDa flaxseed peptide (FP5) in SD rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. The amino acid sequences of FP5 were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.
BACKGROUND Plant peptides have been reported to have cholesterol-lowering activities. Previous research has found that <= 1 kDa flaxseed peptide (FP5) reduces cholesterol absorption and synthesis in vitro. In this research, we investigated the cholesterol-lowering activity of FP5 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. In addition, amino acid sequences of FP5 were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RESULTS FP5 supplement significantly decreased the serum and hepatic cholesterol levels and modulated the hepatic gene and protein expression of cholesterol metabolism-related enzymes or regulators (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR), Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, Niemann-Pick C1-like 1, ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8). Eleven peptides were identified from FP5. These peptides were characterized as hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine (L), proline (P), glycine (G), isoleucine (I) and continuous sequences, including LP, LL, LG and II, with low molecular weights. CONCLUSION FP5 has a certain cholesterol-lowering activity in SD rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. The possible mechanism for ameliorating hepatic cholesterol metabolism of FP5 includes inhibiting hepatic cholesterol de novo synthesis, promoting the synthesis and excretion of bile acids, and inhibiting the reabsorption of bile acids during enterohepatic circulation. (c) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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