Journal
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 169, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac6833
Keywords
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Funding
- Faraday Institution (Faraday.ac.uk) [EP/S003053/1, FIRG028, FIRG014, FIRG024, FIRG025, FIRG005]
- Innovate UK [104182]
- European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA)
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- Innovate UK [104182] Funding Source: UKRI
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This study investigates the relationship between ultrasonic signals and temperature in Li-ion batteries, showing a strong correlation between them. By utilizing this correlation, the temperature of the battery can be inferred using ultrasound and the state-of-charge can be accurately predicted regardless of the C-rate. The application of ultrasonic state-of-charge monitoring during a drive cycle demonstrates the feasibility of this technique in real-world situations.
Effective diagnostic techniques for Li-ion batteries are vital to ensure that they operate in the required voltage and temperature window to prevent premature degradation and failure. Ultrasonic analysis has been gaining significant attention as a low cost, fast, non-destructive, operando technique for assessing the state-of-charge and state-of-health of Li-ion batteries. Thus far, the majority of studies have focused on a single C-rate at relatively low charge and discharge currents, and as such the relationship between the changing acoustic signal and C-rate is not well understood. In this work, the effect of cell temperature on the acoustic signal is studied and shown to have a strong correlation with the signal's time-of-flight. This correlation allows for the cell temperature to be inferred using ultrasound and to compensate for these effects to accurately predict the state-of-charge regardless of the C-rate at which the cell is being cycled. Ultrasonic state-of-charge monitoring of a cell during a drive cycle illustrates the suitability of this technique to be applied in real-world situations, an important step in the implementation of this technique in battery management systems with the potential to improve pack safety, performance, and efficiency:
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