Validation of the 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ratio as a biomarker of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 clearance

The formation of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)(2)D) from 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the primary mechanism for the metabolic clearance of 25(OH)D, and is regulated by tissue-level vitamin D activity. The ratio of 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 to 25(OH)D-3 in blood (vitamin D metabolite ratio, VDMR) is postulated to be a marker of 25 (OH)D-3 clearance, however this has never been tested. We measured baseline 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 and 25(OH)D-3 concentrations in 87 participants by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Following an infusion of deuterated 25(OH)D-3, blood samples for each participant were collected over 56 days and analyzed for deuterated vitamin D metabolites. 25(OH)D-3 clearance and the deuterated metabolite-to-parent AUC ratio (ratio of the AUC of deuterated 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 to that of deuterated 25(OH)D-3) were calculated. We compared the VDMR with these two measures using correlation coefficients and linear regression. Participants had a mean age of 64 +/- 11 years, 41 % were female, 30 % were self-described Black, 28 % had non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 23 % had kidney failure treated with hemodialysis. The VDMR was strongly correlated with 25(OH)D-3 clearance and the deuterated metabolite-to-parent AUC ratio (r = 0.51 and 0.76, respectively). Adjusting for 25 (OH)D-3 clearance or the deuterated metabolite-to-parent AUC ratio in addition to clinical covariates, lower VDMR was observed in participants with CKD and kidney failure than in healthy controls; in Black than White participants; and in those with lower serum albumin. Our findings validate the VDMR as a measure of 25(OH)D-3 clearance. This relationship was biased by characteristics including race and kidney disease, which warrant consideration in studies assessing the VDMR.

Automated summary

The study confirmed the correlation between 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)(2)D) and the clearance rate of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D-3) as a marker for clearance. Participants with chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, Black participants, and those with lower serum albumin had lower VDMR.