Journal
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Volume 51, Issue 3, Pages 727-736Publisher
IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-150895
Keywords
Age of onset; mild cognitive impairment; risk factors; traumatic brain injury
Categories
Funding
- NIH/NIA Alzheimer's Disease Center Grant [P3012300-19]
- NIA/NIH [U01 AG016976]
- NIA [P30 AG019610, P30 AG013846, P50 AG008702, P50 AG025688, P30 AG010133, P50 AG005146, P50 AG005134, P50AG016574, P50 AG005138, P30 AG008051, P30 AG013854, P30 AG008017, P30 AG010161, P30 AG010129]
- [P50 AG016573]
- [P50 AG016570]
- [P50 AG005131]
- [P50AG023501]
- [P30 AG035982]
- [P30AG028383]
- [P30 AG010124]
- [P50 AG005136]
- [P50 AG033514]
- [P50 AG005681]
- [U01 AG032984]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [P50AG016573, P50AG008702, P30AG013846, P30AG013854, U01AG016976, P30AG035982, P50AG005136, P30AG010161, P50AG005131, P30AG028383, P50AG005134, P50AG005146, P01AG003991, P30AG010124, P30AG010129, P50AG005681, P30AG008051, P50AG005138, U01AG032984, P50AG016574, P30AG010133, P30AG008017, P50AG016570, P50AG025688, P50AG033514, P50AG023501, P30AG019610, P30AG012300, P50AG005142, P50AG005133] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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This study examined whether history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased risk and earlier onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Subjects with MCI (n = 3,187) and normal cognition (n = 3,244) were obtained from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database. TBI was categorized based on lifetime reported TBI with loss of consciousness (LOC) without chronic deficit. Logistic regression was used to examine TBI history as a predictor of MCI, adjusted for demographics, apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 (ApoE4), a composite vascular risk score, and history of psychiatric factors. ANCOVA was used to examine whether age at MCI diagnosis and estimated age of onset differed between those with (TBI+) and without (TBI-) a history of TBI. TBI history was a significant predictor (p < 0.01) and associated with increased odds of MCI diagnosis in unadjusted (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.05-1.49) and adjusted models, accounting for age, education, ApoE4, and a composite vascular score (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.10-1.58). This association, however, was largely attenuated (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.94-1.37; p = 0.18) after adjustment for reported history of depression. MCI was diagnosed a mean of 2.3 years earlier (p < 0.001) in the TBI+ group, and although TBI+ subjects had an estimated mean of decline 1.7 years earlier, clinician-estimated age of onset failed to differ (p = 0.13) when gender and psychiatric factors were controlled. This is the first report of a possible role for TBI as a risk factor in MCI, but its association may be related to other factors such as gender and depression and requires further investigation.
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