4.3 Article

Regulatory T cells in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A case-control study

Journal

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
Volume 367, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577848

Keywords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Regulatory T cells (Tregs); Immunophenotyping; Immune aberrations

Funding

  1. Scientific Research Projects of Selcuk University [18401087]

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The pathophysiology of ADHD is not fully understood, but immune system dysregulation has been identified as a major focus. This study found that children with ADHD had significantly higher levels of Tregs compared to healthy controls, indicating a potential association with ADHD and suggesting that immune regulatory cells may play a key role in ADHD treatment.
Objective: The pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are still not fully elucidated. Immune system dysregulation has emerged as a major etiological focus as a result of the high comorbidity of allergic disease, inflammatory biomarkers, and genetic research. The present study aimed to evaluate peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in children with ADHD.Methods: This single-center cross-sectional case-control study assessed 49 children with ADHD and 35 age-and gender-matched healthy children aged 7-12 years (9.10 +/- 2.37 and 9.45 +/- 2.13, respectively). The participants were screened for psychopathology using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, while the severity of ADHD symptoms was measured by means of the distracted-Continuous Performance Test. Peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and Tregs were analyzed with flow-cytometry.Results: There is no significant difference in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets between ADHD and control groups The children diagnosed with ADHD exhibited significantly higher levels of CD3(+) CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) (Tregs) than the healthy control subjects (8.23 +/- 2.09 vs. 6.61 +/- 2.89; z = 2.965, p = .004). The Tregs cell (Exp (B) = 1.334; p = .042; CI = 1.011-1.761) levels were determined to be statistically significant according to regression analysis and were associated with an increased probability of ADHD.Conclusion: Elevated Treg levels were linked to an increased likelihood of ADHD. This study suggested that changes in immune regulatory cells represent an important part of research in treatment of ADHD.

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