The effect of Gd as a dopant in crystal structure and on its electrical and humidity sensing behaviour of Co2+Cr23+O4 for possible application in sensors

In this paper, we presented structural, Fourier infrared spectroscopic, and dielectric analysis of cobalt chromate (Co2+Cr23+O4) with various percent gadolinium (Gd3+) rare-earth metal additions under humidity and non-humidity circumstances. The major goal of this research is to develop more robust and sensitive humidity sensor materials. The Gd3+-doped Co2+Cr23+O4 samples are produced using a modified solution combustion process and sintered for 2 h at 650 degrees C to demonstrate the influence of Gd3+ on structural, Fourier Infrared spectroscopic, dielectric with constant frequency and presence of humidity characteristics. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis provides the detailed formation of the Co2+Cr23+O4 phase. Furthermore, the average crystallite sizes are 7 to 9 nm for Gd3+-doped Co2+Cr23+O4. The general nature of ferrite materials is revealed via FTIR analysis. Our research focus on the properties of permittivity and electrical conductivity with Gd3+ addition, constant frequency, and humidity. We studied the relevant conductivity of the samples, the response time of the capacitive sensor, and the humidity influence, at the constant frequency level, on the characteristics of the relative permittivity at a constant frequency range of f = 1 kHz. Our results suggest that the Gd3+ doped Co2+Cr23+O4 can be used as an active material for humidity sensor applications.

Automated summary

This paper presents the structural, Fourier infrared spectroscopic, and dielectric analysis of cobalt chromate (Co2+Cr23+O4) with gadolinium (Gd3+) rare-earth metal additions under different humidity conditions. The results indicate that Gd3+ doped Co2+Cr23+O4 can be used as an active material for humidity sensor applications.