Journal
JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE
Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac025
Keywords
Monochamus alternatus; overwintering; transcriptome analysis; immune system; antifreeze compounds
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31470650, 31170606]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC1200400]
- Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province [KYCX19_1083]
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In this study, the transcriptome data of overwintering and non-overwintering larvae of Monochamus alternatus were compared to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in overwintering. The research revealed that overwintering M. alternatus relies on energy allocation trade-off, inhibiting energy-intensive activities and diverting energy towards the synthesis of antifreeze compounds and immune response to cope with the deleterious effects of winter.
Monochamus alternatus, the dominant vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae), has caused immense damage to forest resources. In China, this vector was native to the southern regions but has spread northward recently. To adapt to more challenging environments in the northern winter, M. alternatus has evolved an intricate strategy for overwintering, which remains largely unknown. Herein, we compared the transcriptome data of the overwintering and non-overwintering larvae of M. alternatus larvae to investigate the molecular mechanisms in overwintering. A total of 53.10 GB clean bases and 28, 245 unigenes were obtained by RNA-seq. Analysis of 2597 upregulated and 2429 downregulated unigenes, as well as the enrichment of DEGs showed that many genes and pathways were jointly involved in the overwintering period. Besides, the accuracy of the RNA-seq data was tested by using qPCR experiment involving 13 selected genes. The results revealed that the overwintering process relied largely on the energy allocation trade-off. Specifically, overwintering M. alternatus inhibited energy-intensive activities, such as growth and molting, detoxification, and trehalose transport, and the reserved energy was skewed towards the synthesis of antifreeze compounds and immune response to cope with the deleterious effects of winter.
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