4.7 Article

Interactive effects of biochar amendment and lead toxicity on soil microbial community

Journal

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 425, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127921

Keywords

Biochar metal interaction; Lead speciation; Lead bioavailability; Microbial diversity and composition; Pyromorphite

Funding

  1. Department of Energy
  2. MRCAT member institutions
  3. DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]

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This study found that biochar and lead have significant interactive effects on soil microbial communities, with biochar alleviating lead toxicity and increasing microbial richness. Soil analysis data showed that biochar also helped retain more lead in the soil matrix and facilitated the transformation of lead into highly insoluble pyromorphite, highlighting the effectiveness of biochar for lead remediation.
This study determined the interactive effects of biochar and lead toxicity on the soil microbial community in a phytoextraction experiment. Arranged with a completely randomized design in a greenhouse, banana liners were planted singly in a sandy soil spiked with Pb(NO3)2 at 0, 400 and 1200 mg kg-1 and amended with bamboo biochar (pyrolyzing at 600 degrees C) at 0, 1, 3%. Soil samples were taken from triplicated pots five months after planting and measured for (i) content of lead and organic carbon; (ii) lead speciation; and (iii) microbial community composition through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. DNA sequencing results showed that lead and biochar treatments had significant individual and interactive effects on soil microbial dissimilarities from taxonomic levels of phyla to genera. While some specific taxa were lead resistant, biochar addition apparently alleviated lead toxicity and increased their richness (e.g., Alkanibacter, Muciaginibacter, Burkholderiaceae, and Beggiatoaceae). Soil analysis data indicated that biochar not only helped retain more lead in the soil matrix but created a soil environment inducive for transformation of lead into highly insoluble pyromorphite. This study highlights the effectiveness of biochar for lead remediation and the sensitivity of soil microorganisms in sensing changes in soil environment and lead bioavailability.

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