Geochemistry of surface waters around four hard-rock lithium deposits in Central Europe

There are several Li-mica and spodumene deposits in Central Europe. The Cinovec deposit on the border of the Czech Republic and Germany is the largest known hard-rock Li deposit in Europe and is currently being explored. Weathering and mining of such deposits could release Li and F to the environment. Both elements are associated with potential health effects when ingested via drinking water, yet little is known about the aqueous geochemistry of streams and creeks around Li hard-rock deposits. In this study, we sampled surface waters (n = 47) near three Li-mica and one spodumene deposit to examine a potential public health risk resulting from the weathering of Li-minerals. At the Cinovec and Homolka (also in the Czech Republic) sites, several water samples have elevated Li contents relative to those in typical surface waters, but they are all below the U.S. EPArecommended threshold of 0.7 mg/L. Three of the ten samples from Cinovec contain F in concentrations that are above World Health Organization's 1.5 mg/L drinking water limit, and thus these waters (max. concentration: 3.8 mg/L) may represent a public health hazard. Based on geochemical modeling and statistical analysis, the lithium in the water comes from Li-micas and the fluoride is derived from a combination of Li-micas and fluorite, depending on the specific site analyzed. Lithium seems to be scavenged by clay minerals.

Automated summary

There are several Li-mica and spodumene deposits in Central Europe, with the Cinovec deposit being the largest known hard-rock Li deposit in Europe. The weathering and mining of these deposits may release Li and F into the environment, posing potential health risks. However, the aqueous geochemistry of streams and creeks around Li hard-rock deposits is not well understood.