Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 143, Issue -, Pages 197-201Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.09.029
Keywords
Randomized controlled trial; Bias; Internal validity; Research transparency; Reporting
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Randomized controlled trials are considered the most robust design for evaluating clinical interventions. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2) helps researchers mitigate bias and ensure transparency in reporting.
Randomized controlled trials are widely considered the most robust design for evaluating the effects of clinical interventions. While generalisability is often limited, randomization aims to ensure that effects observed are genuine. However, there are common sources of bias, even in well-conducted trials, that pose a threat to this interpretation. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for trials (RoB 2) distinguishes five domains of bias that can affect the results of trials stemming from (1) the randomization process, (2) deviations from intended interventions, (3) missing outcome data, (4) outcome measurement, and (5) reporting of findings. We use RoB 2 as a framework for recommendations to help researchers mitigate these sources of bias and ensure transparency in reporting so that users of research are aware of them. (C)2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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