Comparison of the Aroma Composition and Sensory Properties of Dark Chocolates Made with Moist Incubated and Fermented Cocoa Beans

In a previous investigation, moist incubation was described as a novel postharvest treatment for cocoa and the aroma composition of the resulting cocoa nibs was compared to unfermented and fermented cocoa nibs. For this treatment, unfermented and dried nibs are rehydrated with an aqueous solution containing lactic acid and ethanol to adjust the pH value and are subsequently incubated at 45 ? under aerobic conditions for 72 h before drying. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sensory properties and aroma composition of dark chocolates made of these materials after roasting. Therefore, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) in combination with aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), quantitation with isotopically labeled standards, odor activity value (OAV) determination, and sensory analysis were performed. The three different chocolates had distinct sensory and OAV profiles. The sensory profiles showed a higher intensity of fruity aroma notes and a lower intensity of bitterness and astringency in the chocolate made with the moist incubated cocoa, while the chocolate made of fermented cocoa reached higher scores in the roasty aroma notes. Furthermore, higher OAVs were determined for the Strecker aldehydes in the chocolate made of the moist incubated cocoa, whereas higher OAVs for the pyrazines and the acids were detected in the chocolate made of fermented cocoa. In contrast, the chocolate produced with the unfermented cocoa showed low cocoa specific aroma notes and high levels of astringency and bitterness. The detected differences reveal interesting insights into the influence of different postharvest treatments on the resulting aroma composition in the final chocolate. Furthermore, the alternative postharvest treatment was demonstrated to result in chocolates with a pleasant sensory profile.

Automated summary

The aim of this study was to investigate the sensory properties and aroma composition of dark chocolates made from moist incubated cocoa, fermented cocoa, and unfermented cocoa after roasting. The results showed that moisture incubation treatment led to chocolates with a stronger fruity aroma, lower bitterness and astringency, while chocolates made from fermented cocoa exhibited higher scores in roasty aroma notes. Furthermore, differences in odor activity values were observed, with higher OAVs for Strecker aldehydes in moist incubated cocoa chocolate and higher OAVs for pyrazines and acids in fermented cocoa chocolate.