Looking for factors affecting functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder: the importance of cognitive complaints and BDNF's Val66Met polymorphism

Introduction: Functioning in Bipolar Disorder (BD) is affected in a substantial proportion of patients. The impact of demographic, clinical, cognitive, and genetic factors on functioning has been shown individually; however, as a complex phenomenon, a global approach to identify the most relevant as well as possible interactions is needed. Methods: 102 patients with type I BD in euthymia were invited for evaluation of demographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics as well as genotype for Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF gene to determine those associated with poor functioning according to the FAST scale cut-off score. Clinical evaluation included assessment of residual affective symptoms and anxiety. Cognitive evaluation included the COBRA scale, verbal memory, and executive functions testing. Results: Residual depressive symptoms, anxiety, cognitive complaints and being a Met carrier were more frequent in the poor functioning group and were entered in a logistic regression model. Being a Met carrier (OR=4.46, CI=1.19-16.67) and cognitive complaints (OR=1.29, CI= 1.13-1.46) were the most important predictors of poor functioning in type I BD. Limitations: Cross-sectional study, with select population limiting generalizability of findings. Conclusions: A better understanding of underlying factors affecting cognition, including the possible involvement of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, its systematic evaluation and a continued search for targeted treatment, along with recognition and attention of residual affective and anxious symptoms might improve psychosocial outcomes such as functioning in this population.

Automated summary

This study aims to identify demographic, clinical, cognitive, and genetic factors associated with poor functioning in patients with type I bipolar disorder (BD). The results showed that residual depressive symptoms, anxiety, cognitive complaints, and being a Met carrier were more frequent in the poor functioning group. Being a Met carrier and cognitive complaints were the most important predictors of poor functioning in type I BD.