Urban Air Pollution and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adolescents and Young Adults

Purpose: The contribution of air pollution to subclinical atherosclerosis in a young population remains limited. This study aimed to assess whether long-term exposure to urban air pollutants increases carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in adolescents and young adults. Methods: This study included 789 subjects between the ages of 12 and 30 years who lived in the Taipei metropolis from a cohort of young Taiwanese individuals. Residential addresses were geocoded, and annual average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) of different diameters, e.g., PM10, PM2.5-10, PM2.5, and nitrogen oxides (NOX), were assessed using land use regression models. The generalized least squares strategy with error term to consider the cluster effect of living addresses between individuals was used to examine the associations between urban air pollution and CIMTs. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that interquartile range increases in PM2.5 (8.2 mg/m(3)) and NOX (17.5 mg/m(3)) were associated with 0.46% (95% CI: 0.02-0.90) and 1.00% (95% CI: 0.10-1.91) higher CIMTs, respectively. Stratified analyses showed that the relationships between CIMT and PM2.5 and NOX were more evident in subjects who were 18 years or older, female, nonsmoking, nonhypertensive, and nonhyperglycemic than in their respective counterparts. Discussion: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NOX is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in a young population. Age, sex, and health status may influence the vulnerability of air pollutionassociated subclinical atherosclerosis. (C ) 2022 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study examined the impact of long-term exposure to urban air pollutants on subclinical atherosclerosis in young individuals. The results showed associations between PM2.5 and NOX and carotid intima-media thickness, with variations based on age, sex, and health status.