Collider Bias

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods describes collider bias, illustrates examples in directed acyclic graphs, and explains how it can threaten the internal validity of a study and the accurate estimation of causal relationships in randomized clinical trials and observational studies.

Automated summary

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods explains collider bias, provides examples in directed acyclic graphs, and discusses how it can impact the internal validity of a study and accurate estimation of causal relationships in randomized clinical trials and observational studies.