Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095187
Keywords
diabetic neuropathy; IMS32; Schwann cell; soluble epoxide hydrolase; epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; SMTP; SMTP-44D
Funding
- Showa University Research Grant for Young Researchers at Showa University, Japan
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This study investigated the mechanism of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of SMTP-44D in high glucose treated Schwann cells. The results showed that SMTP-44D significantly increased the ratio of EETs to DHETs and alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation, RAGE induction, and apoptosis after high glucose treatment.
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. We have previously reported the efficacy of Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-44D (SMTP-44D) for DN through its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of SMTP-44D remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the mechanism of these effects of SMTP-44D in regard to its inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in immortalized mouse Schwann cells (IMS32) following high glucose treatment. IMS32 cells were incubated in a high glucose medium for 48 h and then treated with SMTP-44D for 48 h. After incubation, the ratio of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), oxidative stress markers, such as NADPH oxidase-1 and malondialdehyde, inflammatory factors, such as the ratio of nuclear to cytosolic levels of NF-kappa B and the levels of IL-6, MCP-1, MMP-9, the receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE), and apoptosis, were evaluated. SMTP-44D treatment considerably increased the ratio of EETs to DHETs and mitigated oxidative stress, inflammation, RAGE induction, and apoptosis after high glucose treatment. In conclusion, SMTP-44D can suppress the induction of apoptosis by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, possibly through sEH inhibition. SMTP-44D can be a potential therapeutic agent against DN.
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