Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063021
Keywords
HIV; macrophages; MDM; restriction factors; transcription factors; macrophage polarization
Funding
- Italian Ministry of University and Research (PRIN project) [2017TYTWZ3]
- Italian Ministry of Health [RF-2019-12369226]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
In addition to CD4(+) T lymphocytes, myeloid cells and differentiated macrophages are targets of HIV-1 infection, and there are significant differences in virus replication between the two cell types. Understanding these differences is crucial for evaluating the role of cell-associated restriction factors in preventing virus replication in macrophages and T cells.
In addition to CD4(+) T lymphocytes, myeloid cells and, particularly, differentiated macrophages are targets of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection via the interaction of gp120Env with CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4. Both T cells and macrophages support virus replication, although with substantial differences. In contrast to activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes, HIV-1 replication in macrophages occurs in nondividing cells and it is characterized by the virtual absence of cytopathicity both in vitro and in vivo. These general features should be considered in evaluating the role of cell-associated restriction factors aiming at preventing or curtailing virus replication in macrophages and T cells, particularly in the context of designing strategies to tackle the viral reservoir in infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. In this regard, we will here also discuss a model of reversible HIV-1 latency in primary human macrophages and the role of host factors determining the restriction or reactivation of virus replication in these cells.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available