Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105658
Keywords
exosomes; extracellular vesicles; immune regulation via miRNAs; immune modulation; immune tolerance; macrophages
Funding
- Fukuda Foundation for Medical Technology
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Self-tolerance is a process that protects against self-reactive B and T cells through negative selection, programmed cell death, and inhibition of regulatory T cells. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, can deliver microRNAs to modulate the immune response by regulating gene expression.
Self-tolerance involves protection from self-reactive B and T cells via negative selection during differentiation, programmed cell death, and inhibition of regulatory T cells. The breakdown of immune tolerance triggers various autoimmune diseases, owing to a lack of distinction between self-antigens and non-self-antigens. Exosomes are non-particles that are approximately 50-130 nm in diameter. Extracellular vesicles can be used for in vivo cell-free transmission to enable intracellular delivery of proteins and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs encapsulated in exosomes can regulate the molecular pathways involved in the immune response through post-transcriptional regulation. Herein, we sought to summarize and review the molecular mechanisms whereby exosomal miRNAs modulate the expression of genes involved in the immune response.
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