Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084135
Keywords
human gingival mesenchymal stem cells; regenerative medicine; stem cells niche; biomaterials
Funding
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University G. d'Annuznio Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Gingival tissue can be collected easily and used as a source to isolate GMSCs, which possess differentiation and immunomodulatory abilities similar to MSCs. GMSCs can be expanded in vitro while maintaining their stemness properties. Furthermore, the EVs released from GMSCs have shown similar biological functions and therapeutic effects, making them a promising tool for cell-free regenerative therapy.
The gingival tissue can be collected in an easy way and represent an accessible source to isolate gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). GMSCs are a subpopulation of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells that show the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) features, such as differentiation abilities and immunomodulatory properties. Dental-derived stem cells are also expandable in vitro with genomic stability and the possibility to maintain the stemness properties over a prolonged period of passages. Moreover, several preclinical studies have documented that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from GMSCs possess similar biological functions and therapeutic effects. The EVs may represent a promising tool in the cell-free regenerative therapy approach. The present review paper summarized the GMSCs, their multi-lineage differentiation capacities, immunomodulatory features, and the potential use in the treatment of several diseases in order to stimulate tissue regeneration. GMSCs should be considered a good stem cell source for potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry.
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