Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 64, Issue 27, Pages 5464-5471Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01035
Keywords
persistent organic pollutants; bioavailability; microbial community structure; soil rhizosphere; biochar
Funding
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2014CB441105]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41301240, 21277148]
- Outstanding Youth Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu, China [BK20150050]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu, China [BK20131049]
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Volatilization of semi/volatile persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from soils is a major source of global POPs emission. This proof-of-concept study investigated a novel biochar-plant tandem approach to effectively immobilize and then degrade POPs in soils using hexachlorobenzene (HCB) as a model POP and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as a model plant growing in soils amended with wheat straw biochar. HCB dissipation was significantly enhanced in the rhizosphere and near rhizosphere soils, with the greatest dissipation in the 2 mm near rhizosphere. This enhanced HCB dissipation likely resulted from (0 increased bioavailability of immobilized HCB and (ii) enhanced microbial activities, both of which were induced by ryegrass root exudates. As a major component of ryegrass root exudates, oxalic acid suppressed HCB sorption to biochar and stimulated HCB desorption from biochar and biochar-amended soils, thus increasing the bioavailability of HCB. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that the 2 mm near rhizosphere soil showed the lowest bacterial diversity due to the increased abundance of some genera (e.g., Azohydromonas, Pseudomonas, Fluviicola, and Sporocytophaga). These bacteria were likely responsible for the enhanced degradation of HCB as their abundance was exponentially correlated with HCB dissipation. The results from this study suggest that the biochar-plant tandem approach could be an effective strategy for remediating soils contaminated with semi/volatile organic contaminants.
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