Mechanisms and Applications of Bacterial Sporulation and Germination in the Intestine

Recent studies have suggested a major role for endospore forming bacteria within the gut microbiota, not only as pathogens but also as commensal and beneficial members contributing to gut homeostasis. In this review the sporulation processes, spore properties, and germination processes will be explained within the scope of the human gut. Within the gut, spore-forming bacteria are known to interact with the host's immune system, both in vegetative cell and spore form. Together with the resistant nature of the spore, these characteristics offer potential for spores' use as delivery vehicles for therapeutics. In the last part of the review, the therapeutic potential of spores as probiotics, vaccine vehicles, and drug delivery systems will be discussed.

Automated summary

Recent studies have shown that endospore forming bacteria play a significant role in gut homeostasis as both pathogens and beneficial members of the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the sporulation processes, spore properties, and germination processes within the human gut. It also explores the interaction between spore-forming bacteria and the host's immune system, highlighting the potential use of spores as delivery vehicles for therapeutics. The review concludes by discussing the therapeutic potential of spores as probiotics, vaccine vehicles, and drug delivery systems.