Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 64, Issue 18, Pages 3538-3545Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00801
Keywords
6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone; harzianic acid; metabolomics; Trichoderma secondary metabolites; HRMAS NMR
Funding
- Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), Programma Operativo Nazionale Ricerca Competitivita [PON RC 2007-2013, Linfa PON03PE_00026_1 Marea PON03PE_00106, GenoPOM-pro PON02_00395_3082360]
- Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), Programma Operativo Nazionale Ricerca & Competitivita [SIcurezza e innovazione teCnologica Utile alla salvaguardia e valorizzazione dei prodotti tipici di oRigine Animale (SICURA)]
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Trichoderma fungi release 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1) and harzianic acid (2) secondary metabolites to improve plant growth and health protection. We isolated metabolites I and 2 from Trichoderma strains, whose different concentrations were used to treat seeds of Solanum lycopersicum. The metabolic profile in the resulting 15 day old tomato leaves was studied by high-resolution magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS NMR) spectroscopy directly on the whole samples without any preliminary extraction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of HRMAS NMR. showed significantly enhanced acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content accompanied by variable amount of amino acids in samples treated with both Trichoderma secondary metabolites. Seed germination rates, seedling fresh weight, and the metabolome of tomato leaves were also dependent upon doses of metabolites 1 and 2 treatments. HRMAS NMR spectroscopy was proven to represent a rapid and reliable technique for evaluating specific changes in the metabolome of plant leaves and calibrating the best concentration of bioactive compounds required to stimulate plant growth.
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