Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 65, Issue 33, Pages 7052-7070Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03413
Keywords
fungal metabolites; toxicity; risk assessment; Fusarium; Penicillium; Aspergillus; Alternaria
Funding
- Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy
- Austrian National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development
- BIOMIN Holding GmbH
- Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) [84821]
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Modern analytical techniques can determine a multitude of fungal metabolites contaminating-food and feed. In addition to known mycotoxins, for which maximum levels in food are enforced, also currently unregulated, so-called emerging mycotoxins were shown to occur frequently in agricultural products. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the relevance of selected emerging mycotoxins to food and feed safety. Acute and chronic toxicity as well as occurrence data are presented for enniatins, beauvericin, moniliformin, fusaproliferin, fusaric acid, culmorin, butenolide, sterigmatocystin, emodin, mycophenolic acid, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, and tenuazonic acid. By far not all of the detected compounds are toxicologically relevant at their naturally occurring levels and are therefore of little or no health concern to consumers. Still, gaps in knowledge have been identified for several compounds. These gaps should be closed by the scientific community in the coming years to allow a proper risk assessment.
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