The case of fatal acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis in a two-month-old boy with Covid-19

Review Clinical Neurology

Cerebrospinal fluid in COVID-19: A systematic review of the literature

Ariane Lewis et al.

Summary: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid or evaluation for intrathecal antibody synthesis appears to be rare in COVID-19 patients. Most neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 are unlikely to be related to direct viral neuroinvasion.

JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

Assessment of 135 794 Pediatric Patients Tested for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Across the United States

L. Charles Bailey et al.

Summary: This cohort study of US pediatric patients found low rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with mild clinical manifestations. Infection was associated with Black, Hispanic, and Asian race/ethnicity, adolescence and young adulthood, as well as non-respiratory chronic medical conditions. The study suggests higher concern may be warranted for patients with complex medical conditions or minority race/ethnicity.

JAMA PEDIATRICS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Compared With Severe Acute COVID-19

Leora R. Feldstein et al.

Summary: Comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with MIS-C and COVID-19 can help distinguish between the two conditions and improve health outcomes. Patterns of clinical presentation and organ system involvement were identified in this case series, providing valuable information for differentiation of MIS-C and COVID-19.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Coronavirus Infections in the Nervous System of Children: A Scoping Review Making the Case for Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Surveillance

Timothy G. Singer et al.

Summary: This study describes case literature of human coronavirus infections in the nervous system of children, including those from SARS-CoV-2, and provides guidance for managing potential long-term effects on neurodevelopment. Various human coronaviruses may cause neurological diseases in children, highlighting a critical gap in knowledge about long-term effects on child neurodevelopment.

PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Infectious and immune-mediated central nervous system disease in 48 COVID-19 patients

Josef Finsterer et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 can cause infectious/immune-mediated CNS-disease, with a male preponderance and a wide age range among patients. Immune-modulating treatment may be more effective, and plasmapheresis may be beneficial for patients with autoimmune encephalitis.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Pediatrics

Neurological complications in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature

L. Siracusa et al.

Summary: This study described the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by neurological involvement. The most common neurological manifestations were cerebrovascular accidents, reversible splenial lesions, GBS, benign intracranial hypertension, and meningoencephalitis, with ADEM also observed as a possible complication. Further studies are needed to explore all neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection and their underlying pathogenic mechanisms.

ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology