Understanding reactions between water and steelmaking slags: Iron distribution, hydrogen generation, and phase transformations

Environmentally friendly energy harvesting can be achieved by the H2O thermochemical treatment of steelmaking slags. Hot slag from steel manufacturing is used as a sacrificial material to produce H-2 in a stream of steam. In parallel, this process enhances the magnetic properties of the slag, benefitting the Fe recovery. In this work, the occurrence states of different iron species in slags, as well as their reactivity and phase transformations in H2O, were investigated. The results showed that Fe2+ was mainly distributed in olivine (Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn)(2)SiO4 when the basicity was low. As the basicity increased, a gradual enrichment of Fe2+ in RO phase (divalent oxides solid solution, R = Fe, Mg, Mn etc.) was observed. In addition to steelmaking slags, the H2O splitting reactions of synthetic model iron compounds, RO phase (Mg1-xFexO, x = 0.36, 0.63, 0.77) and kirschsteinite (CaFeSiO4) were also tested. RO phase exhibited fast kinetics, with its activity proportional to the FeO content. Oxidation of the magnesia-rich RO phase resulted in the phase segregation of iron-depleted magnesiowustite (Mg,Fe-depleted)O and iron-rich spinel (Mg, Fe-rich)(3)O-4. The H2O splitting of CaFeSiO4 suffered from extremely low kinetics below 900 degrees C, which could be enhanced by raising the temperature. The H-2 production capacity of steelmaking slags was strongly affected by the basicity, which improved when more Fe2+ existed as RO phase rather than CaFeSiO4. After oxidation in steam at 850 degrees C, the slag sample with a basicity of 1.83 produced 29.3 cm(3).g(material)(-1) hydrogen at 850 degrees C for 60 min, with a conversion ratio of 80.1%. (C) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Environmentally friendly energy harvesting can be achieved through H2O thermochemical treatment of steelmaking slags. The reactivity and phase transformations of different iron species in slags have significant effects on H2 production. The kinetics of H2O splitting reactions of various iron compounds were explored.