Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 57, Issue 6, Pages 3804-3815Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15709
Keywords
Anthocyanin degradation; anthocyanin-rich black rice extract powder; antioxidant capacity; cake; enzyme inhibition; in vitro digestibility
Categories
Funding
- National University of Singapore
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) in Singapore through IAF-PP FSENH grant [H18/01/a0/G11]
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Anthocyanins in cake have inhibitory effects on intestinal enzymes and increase the antioxidant capacity of the cake. The addition of 2% ABREP reduces the digestion rate of sucrose and shows stronger inhibitory effects on sucrase, alpha-glucosidase, and lipase. This study reveals the potential of anthocyanin-fortified foods in helping people with elevated blood glucose and triglyceride levels.
Anthocyanins are well-known compounds that can improve gastrointestinal effects and have the potential to be utilised as an ingredient in functional foods. However, the true pharmacological role that they carry out in human body has been largely elusive. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory action of anthocyanins in a cake matrix on intestinal enzymes - alpha-glucosidase, sucrase and lipase. Anthocyanin-rich black rice extract powder (ABREP) was incorporated into cake at the levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% of flour weight. The physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of the cake, as well as enzyme inhibitory effects of anthocyanins were investigated. Degradation of anthocyanins in the batter occurred up to 68% at the 2% fortification level while the cake matrix asserted a protective effect on the remaining anthocyanins, keeping them by up to 84% after baking. The antioxidant capacity of cakes was increased by nine times when cake was fortified with 2% ABREP. The digestion rate of sucrose was reduced by 4.6 times at a 2% fortification level as compared to the control. Furthermore, cake with 2% ABREP addition showed 150%, 41% and 278% higher inhibitory effects against sucrase, alpha-glucosidase and lipase as compared to the one with 0.5% addition, respectively. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the potential of anthocyanin-fortified foods for helping people with elevated blood glucose and triglyceride levels.
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