Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
Volume 46, Issue 9, Pages 11596-11619Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/er.8001
Keywords
co-catalyst; hydrogen generation; metal oxide; photoelectrochemical water splitting
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education [FRGS/1/2019/STG07/UKM/02/2]
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [DIP-2019-020]
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Hydrogen generation through photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising method for addressing energy crises and environmental problems. The introduction of co-catalysts can enhance photocatalytic H-2 generation and overcome issues such as charge carrier recombination and low visible light utilization in metal oxides.
Hydrogen (H-2) generation through photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach to reducing energy crises and associated environmental problems. Among currently available semiconductors, 2D nanostructured metal oxides have attracted wide interest in PEC applications because of their low-cost synthesis routes, stability in aqueous media, unique configuration and features, and favorable band edge positions. However, metal oxides still suffer from the severe recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and the low consumption of visible light. One solution is to introduce co-catalysts to enhance photocatalytic H-2 generation by improving charge separation and transfer, extending light absorption, and lowering the activation energy. This review summarizes the fundamentals and recent developments of co-catalysts on metal oxides which can be classified into the following categories: metal co-catalysts, metal sulfide co-catalysts, metal hydroxide co-catalysts, metal phosphide co-catalysts, carbon-based co-catalysts, and dual co-catalysts. Charge transfer mechanisms of co-catalysts on metal oxides in photocatalytic H-2 generation and present future trends for co-catalysts and strategies in enhancing PEC water splitting are also presented.
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