In-silico and in-vitro investigation of STAT3-PIM1 heterodimeric complex: Its mechanism and inhibition by curcumin for cancer therapeutics

The functional activity among STAT3 and PIM1, are key signaling events for cancer cell function. Curcumin, a diarylheptanoid isolated from turmeric, effectively inhibits STAT3 signaling. Selectively, we attempted to address interactions of STAT3, PIM1 and Curcumin for therapeutic intervention using in silico and in vitro experimental approaches. Firstly, protein-protein interactions (PPI) between STAT3-PIM1 by molecular docking studies reflected salt bridges among Arg279 (STAT3)-Glu140 (PIM1) and Arg282 (STAT3)-Asp100 (PIM1), with a binding affinity of-38.6 kcal/mol. Secondly, molecular dynamics simulations of heterodimeric STAT3-PIM1 complex with curcumin revealed binding of curcumin on PIM-1 interface of the complex through hydrogen bonds (Asp155) and hydrophobic interactions (Leu13, Phe18, Val21, etc.) with a binding energy of-7.3 kcal/ mol. These PPIs were confirmed in vitro by immunoprecipitation assays in MDA-MB-231 cells. Corroborating our results, expression levels of STAT3 and PIM1 decreased after curcumin treatment. We observed that PIM1 in-teracts with STAT3 and these functional interactions are disrupted by curcumin. The calculated band energy gap of heterodimeric STAT3-PIM1-Curcumin complex was of 9.621 kcal/mol. The present study revealed the role of curcumin in STAT3/PIM1 signaling and its binding affinity to the complex for design of advanced cancer therapeutics.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates that curcumin effectively inhibits the interaction between STAT3 and PIM1, leading to decreased expression levels of these proteins. These findings highlight the significant role of curcumin in cancer therapeutics.