Post-hydrolysis of cellulose oligomers by cellulase immobilized on chitosan-grafted magnetic nanoparticles: A key stage of butanol production from waste textile

The recently developed technologies for immobilization of cellulase may address the challenges in costly hydrolysis of cellulose for cellulosic butanol production. In this study, a hybrid hydrolysis was developed based on chemical hydrolysis of cellulose to its oligomers followed by enzymatic post-hydrolysis of the resulting soluble oligomers by cellulase immobilized on chitosan-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. This hybrid hydrolysis stage was utilized in the process of biobutanol production from a waste textile, jeans waste, leading to selective formation of glucose and high yield of butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum. After validating the immobilization process, the optimum immobilization parameters including enzyme concentration and time were achieved on 8 h and 15.0 mg/mL, respectively. The reusability of immobilized enzyme showed that immobilized cellulase could retain 51.5% of its initial activity after three times reuses. Dilute acid hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose at 120-180 degrees C for 60 min 0.5-1.0% phosphoric acid led to less than 10 g/L glucose production, and enzymatic post-hydrolysis of the oligomers resulted in up to 51.5 g/L glucose. Fermentation of the hydrolysate was accompanied by 5.3 g/L acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production. The simultaneous co-saccharification and fermentation (SCSF) of soluble and insoluble oligomers of cellulose led to 17.4 g/L ABE production.

Automated summary

The recently developed immobilization technologies for cellulase can address the cost challenges in cellulose hydrolysis for cellulosic butanol production. A hybrid hydrolysis technique was developed in this study, based on chemical hydrolysis followed by enzymatic post-hydrolysis using immobilized cellulase on chitosan-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. This hybrid hydrolysis was successfully used in the production of biobutanol from jeans waste, resulting in selective formation of glucose and high yield of butanol production.