Angiogenic biomolecules specific nanobodies application in cancer imaging and therapy; review and updates

Solid cancers are affiliate on angiogenesis for preservation. The FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies like Bevacizumab are currently being administered effectively as inhibitors of angiogenesis against various types of tumors. Despite the clinical achievements in this regard, monoclonal antibodies suffer from considerable disadvantages, including the potential to develop therapeutic resistance, a high production cost, and the restricted tumor penetration, which consequently limit their therapeutic applications. In the past decades, some significant methods such as miniaturization of the antibodies, containing those inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, have been proposed to enhance cancer therapeutics efficiency. Since their discovery, small single-domain antigen binding antibody fragments, known as nanobodies, have been broadly utilized in the fields of cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment. Due to their desired functional attributes and a unique structure, nanobodies are becoming promising therapeutic and diagnostic biomolecules in oncology field. Moreover, they displayed a substantial translational potential in preclinical and clinical studies. This review was performed with the aim of highlighting the potential of nanobodies in blocking the angiogenic process by targeting of angiogenic biomolecules for cancer therapy and the application of labeled nanobodies in non-invasive in vivo tumor imaging.

Automated summary

Monoclonal antibodies, though effective, have limitations in cancer therapy. Nanobodies, small antigen binding antibody fragments, show promise in cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment.