Linear and quadratic convection on 3D flow with transpiration and hybrid nanoparticles

Hybrid modeling is a term that has recently been used to describe the mixture of liquids. Hybrid models are important in a variety of systems, including medical treatments, manufacturing, experimental instrument design, aerosol particle processing, and naval academies, among others. With the presence of the Buoyancy force and Boussinesq second-order thermal variation, the nonlinear, linear, and quadratic Roseland approximations on three-dimensional flow characteristics were considered. In addition, ternary solid nanoparticles of various shapes and densities were included. With appropriate transformation, the resulting ruling partial differential system is changed into a governing ordinary differential system, and a solution with three mixture compositions is supplied (Case-I, Case-II and Case-III). CNTs (Spherical), GNT (Cylindrical), and Al2O3(Platelet) with water as a base fluid at 0 degrees C, Case-II mixture of CNT (Spherical), GNT (Cylindrical), and Al2O3(Platelet) with water as a base fluid at 10 degrees C, and Case-III mixture of CNTs (Spherical), GNP (Cylindrical) and Al2O3 (Platelet) with water as a base fluid at 50 degrees C, there are numerous variations in three mixing compositions as follows as well as the flow's linear, quadratic, and nonlinear thermal radiation situations. In comparison to Case-I and Case-III ternary combinations, the temperature distribution in Case-II ternary mixtures is wider. Case-2 CNTs (Spherical), GNP (Cylindrical), and Al2O3 (Platelet) with water as a base fluid at 10 degrees C has a higher conductivity than Case-1 CNTs (Spherical), GNP (Cylindrical), and Al2O3 (Platelet) with water at 0 degrees C, and Case-3 CNTs (Spherical), GNP (Cylindrical), and Al2O3 (Platelet) With water as a base fluid at 50 degrees C. The skin friction coefficient is more in case-1 compared to case-2 and case-3.

Automated summary

Hybrid modeling is important in various systems and has been used to describe the mixture of liquids. This study investigates the effects of different factors on three-dimensional flow characteristics and thermal radiation situations. The results show variations in temperature distribution, conductivity, and skin friction coefficient among the three mixing compositions.