Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
Volume 69, Issue 4, Pages 938-941Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2022.3155965
Keywords
Alpha particles; beta particles; garnets; nuclear batteries; radiation hardness; scintillators; thermal annealing; transparent ceramics
Funding
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory through the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC5207NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-824518]
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Experimental results show that there was no degradation in light yield in the electron-irradiated samples, measured via beta or gamma excitations. A small increase in optical absorption near the wavelength of emission was observed following the largest dose irradiation.
GYGAG(Ce) transparent ceramic garnet scintillators were irradiated with electrons from 0.5 to 2 MeV with fluences from 10(16) e(-)/cm(2) to 10(19) e(-)/cm(2), corresponding to doses from 0.3 to 310 Gigarad. Absorption spectra were measured before and after irradiations. Light yields from alpha, beta, and gamma excitations were measured before and after irradiation and compared to preirradiation values to gain a deeper understanding of how electron irradiations can affect light yield, as well as defects generated in both the surface and bulk. Within experimental error, no degradation in light yield was observed for the electron-irradiated samples, as measured via beta or gamma excitation, with minimal degradation observed via alpha excitation. A small increase in optical absorption near the wavelength of emission was observed following the largest dose irradiation. These results suggest that GYGAG(Ce) is radiation hard to electron irradiation up to 10(19) e(-)/cm(2) and doses up to 310 Gigarad. This robustness to irradiation indicates that transparent ceramic garnets may prove useful for applications such as scintillation-based nuclear batteries by allowing for higher energy beta emitters, increased power densities, and enabling long service lifetimes.
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