Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
Volume 69, Issue 4, Pages 3752-3763Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2021.3076711
Keywords
Impedance; Rectifiers; HVDC transmission; Inverters; Stability criteria; Power system stability; Power conversion; Hybrid ac-dc impedance model; impedance stability criterion; virtual synchronous machine (VSM); VSC-HVdc system
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFB0902000]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [52077070]
- Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province [2020RC2033]
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This article investigates the dynamic interactions between the VSM-based rectifier station, inverter station, and the grid in high voltage dc systems. The hybrid ac-dc impedance models of VSMs considering the coupling between ac and dc dynamics are established. The relationships between the dc impedance, dq-frame impedance, and the hybrid ac-dc impedance are presented, and a five-dimensional impedance stability criterion is proposed.
Virtual synchronous machine (VSM) based high voltage dc systems enhance the inertia of the power system. However, the dynamic interactions between the VSM-based rectifier station, the inverter station, and the grid could induce the system oscillation, which has been investigated in this article. At first, the hybrid ac-dc impedance models of the VSMs considering the coupling between the ac and dc dynamics are established. Then, the relationships between the dc impedance, dq-frame impedance, and the hybrid ac-dc impedance are presented. It is found that the dc impedance of the VSM-based inverter station and the d-d channel impedance of the dq-frame impedance of the rectifier station behave as negative resistors in the low-frequency range. Moreover, a five-dimensional impedance stability criterion based on the hybrid ac-dc impedance and generalized inverse Nyquist criterion is proposed to assess the system stability. The analysis results show that the low-frequency oscillation occurs when the grid short-circuit ratio of the rectifier station is small. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verify the impedance models and the stability criterion.
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