Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
Volume 16, Issue 2, Pages 296-311Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3164871
Keywords
Electromagnetic imaging; dual polarized antenna; knee imaging; knee injuries
Funding
- Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
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With the increasing demand for onsite detection of knee injuries in sports activities, portable electromagnetic imaging (EMI) systems have the potential to meet that demand. However, there are challenges due to the accumulation of fluid after knee injury, and EMI should operate as a dual-polarized wearable system to address those challenges.
With the increasing uptake of sport activities, onsite detection of associated knee injuries at early stages is in high demand to avoid severe ligament tear and long treatment period. Portable electromagnetic imaging (EMI) systems have the potential to meet that demand, but there are challenges. For example, EMI is based on the contrast in the dielectric properties due to the accumulated fluid after knee injury. However, that fluid can he in any shape and orientation. Therefore, to capture enough data for processing, EMI should operate as a dual-polarized wearable system with compact antennas. Thus, the proposed system is a textile brace worn on the knee and consists of an 8-element dual-polarized aperture antenna array, which is matched with the knee. Each of the utilized antennas is fed by two orthogonal coaxial feed, occupies a small size of 36 x 36 x 3.1 mm(3), and is backed by a full ground plane for unidirectional radiation. The antenna covers the band 0.7-3.3 GHz (130%), with front to back ratio of more than 10 dB. The textile wool-felt is used as the substrate to enable building flexible brace system. The system's capability to reconstruct knee images with different injuries is verified on realistic knee models and phantoms. The double stage delay, multiply and sum algorithm (DS-DMAS) is used to reconstruct those images, which demonstrate the efficiency of the dual-polarized system and its superiority over single-polarized systems.
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